MEMORY SYSTEM FOR SCHEDULES ANDAPPOINTMENTS.

As with telephone numbers, many people find appointmentsand schedules hard to remember. They employ similarsystems for coping with their problem, the most common, ofcourse, being the diary. Unfortunately many people don'talways keep their diaries with them!In this chapter I introduce two systems, the first of which isfor immediate daily use, the second for remembering schedulesand appointments for an entire week.The first involves your basic peg systems. Simply equate thenumber in your system with the hour of your appointment.Since there are 24 hours in a day, you can either join theshorter system together, with an appropriate total of 24, oruse the first 24 peg words in one of the larger systems.Let us assume you have the following appointments:7—Early morning training10—Dentist1—Luncheon6—Board meeting10—Late filmWe will assume that you are using the Skipnum system toremember these appointments. At the beginning of the day,which in this case will certainly be no earlier than 5.30 a.m.,you run through the list and check for words with associations.7 a.m., represented by the word egg, is the time for yourEarly Morning Group Athletic Practice. Imagine your wholeteam running on eggshells, or enjoying a breakfast of eggbefore or after.At 10 a.m. (toast) you have an appointment with the dentist.Imagine all your teeth sinking into a piece of toast whichcauses pain.Your next appointment, at 1 p.m. (13.00) is for lunch. Thekey word is 'tea'. Imagine the rather depressing prospect of alunch at which nothing but tea is served.At 6 p.m. you have a Board Meeting. The Skipnum memoryword for 18 (18.00 hours equals 6 p.m.) is 'tape'. The associa-tion here is not difficult—imagine the confidential matters ofyour Board Meeting being tape-recorded on an enormousmachine.Finally you have an appointment at 10 p.m. (2200 hours) tosee a late film. The Skipnum key word is 'troop'. Imagine theaudience of which you will be a part as a well organised militaryforce!The second system for remembering schedules and appoint-ments may be used for an entire week. As with the memorysystem for dates, take Sunday as day 1 of the week andascribe a number to each of the other days:
Sunday— 1
Monday— 2
Tuesday — 3
Wednesday— 4
Thursday — 5
Friday— 6
Saturday — 7
Having given a number to the day, we treat the hours as theyare treated in the small system discussed above, and as theyappear in railway, shipping and airline schedules. The day isconsidered to have 24 hours, from 2400 (midnight) through1 a.m. (0100), noon (1200), 1 p.m. (1300) and back to midnight(2400).Thus for any hour and day ofthe week a two- or three-digitnumber is formed—day first, hour second. All that is necessaryis to transfer the number into the word of the major systemlist. Having arrived at the word we link it with the appropriateappointment.Supposing you had an appointment to see a car you wantedto buy at 9.00 a.m. on Tuesday. Tuesday is represented by thenumber 3 which in the major system translates to the letter 'm'.The hour, 9, translates to the letter 'b,p'. Referring to the basiclist we see that the key word for Tuesday at 9.00 a.m. is 'map'.To remember this appointment you might imagine the car youare going to see either bursting through a giant map, wrappedin a giant map, or driving across a giant map.As another example, suppose you have an appointment fora guitar lesson at 5.00 p.m. (hour number 17) on a Thursday(day number 5). The number we derive from Thursday at5.00 p.m. is 517, the word for this being 'leading'. To remem-ber this, imagine yourself leading an entire orchestra withyour solo guitar!You may think this system a bit cumbersome, because itrequires a fairly thorough knowledge of the larger numbers inthe Major System, but this can be overcome by 'rotating' thehours of the day to suite those hours in which you have mostappointments. If, for example, your day does not usually startuntil 10.00 a.m., then 10.00 a.m. can be consideredtobenumber1 in your appointment memory system. In this manner themost important and often-used hours in your day will nearlyalways be represented by only 2-digit numbers, i.e. thenumbers from 10 to 100 in the Major System.

TELEPHONE NUMBER MEMORY SYSTEM

Most people 'just can't' remember telephone numbers! Inorder to overcome this disability they employ ail kinds ofelaborate systems (and some not so elaborate), ranging fromthe person who keeps card files ofthe numbers he needs to re-member and carries these around with him, to the one whojots down numbers on odd pieces of paper and is continuallyringing the wrong person!Remembering telephone numbers is actually not difficult atall as long as we remember the number-letter correspondencefrom the major system. All that is necessary is to substitute aletter for the number we wish to remember. Having done this,we make up association words that link the number to theperson.Let us try this with the ten people from the initial test:
Your local butcher
Your dentist
Your bank manager
Your doctor
Your local grocer
Your local chemist
Your tennis partner
Your plumber
Your local pub
Your garage
HSM-8737
NAH-9107
CAM-5323
HOB-3981
CEL-8801
BOT-9939
SER-4112
LEA-8519
PMB-1427
TRK-9340
In these examples we have letters as well as numbers to dealwith, but these will prove of little difficulty as you shall soonsee.The butcher's number—HSM-8737—starts with theletters 'HSM'. These letters can be remembered in a varietyof ways, but the ones which immediately spring to mind are:'He. Sells .Meat' and 'Ham, Sausages, .Mince'. The numberswe have to deal with are 8737 which can be converted to 'v orf 'k, c, g' 'm' and 'k,c,g'. Our task here is to make up eitherone word which contains these letters in order, two shortwords which also contain these letters in order or four words,the initial letter of which represents the number we are tryingto remember. In the case of the butcher the last of thesechoices is probably the best. We select v, g, m, and hard c togive us ' Very Good Meat Cuts'. We could of course, substi-tute 'Fairly' for 'Very' and 'Gory' for 'Good' etc.As practice on these items is always important, take a quicklook again at the people and their numbers, noting the letters.When you have practised them, consider the following sugges-tions for each one—I am sure that many ofyou will be able tocreate some most original methods!Your dentist—NAH-9107. The initial letters 'NAH' couldform the phrase Weedles Always Hurt' or Wasty AndHorrible!' The letters we have to choose from are (9107) 'p,b','t,d', 's,z, or soft c', and 'k,g. hard c etc.'. One two-word com-bination that we might use for this is 'Bad Suck' becausepeople with toothaches often tend to suck at the painful tooth.A four word suggestion ofa more positive nature is 'Pain DoesCertainly Go' (or 'Come' if you still feel none too kindlytoward your dentist!).Your bank manager—CAM-5923. The letters might beused in the phrases 'Cash And .Money' or, if he has justrefused you a loan, 'Crabby And Mean!' The numberstranslate to the letters 'l', 'm', 'n', 'm' which in view of thesecond phrase, might well be translated into 'Lent Me NoMoney!'Your doctor—HOB-3981. The initial letters could beremembered either by 'HOBble' or 'Heals Our Backs (or.Bones)'. The numbers translate to 'm', 'p,b', 'f,v' and 't,d,th'.An obvious linking phrase is 'Makes Pain Feel Better'.Your local grocer—CEL-8801. The letters fit neatly intothe word 'CELlery', or with a bit ofa stretch, into 'Cabbages,.Extra Leafy'. The numbers translate to the letters 'f,v', 'f,v','s, z soft c', and 't,d,th'. A phrase from this is 'Very FineCelery and Tomatoes'. The initial word could be changedto 'Fairly' or 'Few' and the second to 'Fowl!'.Your local chemist—BOT-9939. The initial letters could beremembered either as the first three of the word 'BOTtle' oras the first letters of'Bottles Of Toxins!' or 'Boxes Of Tissues'.The numbers translate to 'p,b', 'p,b' 'm', and 'p,b. A sug-gested four word phrase is 'Potions, Poisons, Medicines andPills'.Your tennis partner—SER-4112. The initial letters can beremembered as the first three letters ofthe word 'SERve'. Thenumbers translate to the letters 'r', 't,d,th', 't,d,th', and 'n'.Our memory phrase here might be '.Rarely Touches The Net'.Your plumber—LEA-8519. As with the grocer and tennispartner the first three letters fit conveniently into the word'LEAk!. The numbers translate to the letters 'f,v', 'l', 't,d,th',and 'p,b'. Our memory phrase could either be 'Fixes Leaks,Drips and Plumbing' or 'Faulty Lines, Taps and Pipes'.Your local pub—PMB 1427. The initial letters are difficultto make into a word, but can be used in such three letterphrases as 'Publicans Manage Beer'. The numbers translate to't,d,th', 'r', 'n', and 'k, g, hard c etc' In this case there is noneed to make up a phrase—we can contain it all in the oneword 'Drink'.Your garage—TRK 9340. As with the number section ofthe telephone number of your local pub this group of lettersneed not be made into separate words. The word 'TRuCK'perfectly conveys the first three letters. The number translatesto 'p,b' 'm', 'r', and 's,z, soft c'. This can be put into thephrase 'Broken Motor Repair Service'.The examples given above are ofcourse very particular, andit will now be up to you to apply the system outlined to thetelephone numbers which are important for you to remember.In some cases the telephone number may have no letters init at all, as may soon be the general case in Britain when theall-digit number system is completely introduced. This willpresent no extra difficulty, as you simply have three initialnumbers instead of three initial letters, and these threenumbers themselves will be translatable into letters.In some cases the combination of numbers may present agreater than usual difficulty, and 'appropriate' phrases orwords may be almost impossible to devise. In such cases thesolutions are still fairly simple.In the first case, you may make up inappropriate words outof the numbers you have to deal with, and then use the basicsystem, making absurd and exaggerated images which youlink with the person whose telephone number you are tryingto remember.For example, ifthe telephone number ofone ofyour friendswhose hobby is cricket is 411-4276 you would take the MajorSystem word for 41 which is 'rat', the Major word for 142which is 'drain', and the Major word for 76 which is 'cage'.Your image for remembering this number would be of yourfriend swatting a rat instead of a cricket ball and of the ratflying through the air landing in a drain, the iron grill ofwhichis similar to the bars of a cage!The telephone number memory system is easy and enjoy-able to practice, once you have mastered it. As with all othersystems, it requires practice, so before you proceed to thenext chapter make sure you have committed to memory at least10 numbers which are important to you.

LONG NUMBER MEMORY SYSTEM

Give a long number such as 95862190377 to someone toremember and he will try: to repeat it as you present it to him,eventually getting bogged down in his own repetition; tosubdivide it into two-or-three number groups, eventuallylosing the order and content ofthese; to work out mathematicalrelations between the numbers as you present them, inevitablygetting confused; or to 'picture' the number as it is presented,the photograph in his mirid always becoming blurred!If you think back to the initial test in which you were askedto perform a feat like this, you will probably recall your ownapproach.Remembering long numbers is really quite simple if youapply the Major System. Instead of using this system as aword system to remember objects, it is possible to use thebasic words of the system itself to recall the numbers fromwhich they are made.Let us take the number at the top of the page. It is com-posed of: 95—ball86—fish21—net90—base37—mac7—keyIn order to remember this almost impossible number allthat we now have to do is to link the key words which relate tosub-sections of that number.The image-chain here could be of a large ball bouncing offthe head of a fish which has just broken out of a net and fallento the base level ofthe pier where it struckaman wearing a macwho was bending over to pick up his key.Recalling these words and transforming them to numberswe get:b-91-5f—8sh—6n—2t—1b-9s—om—3c—7k-795862190377!There is no need, of course, to remember these largenumbers by taking groups of two. It is just as easy, andsometimes more easy, to consider groups of three. Let us trythis with the number 851429730584. It is composed of:851—fault429—rainbow730—cameos584—leverIn order to remember this number, which is slightly longerthan the previous number, it is once again a matter of linkingour key words.We could imagine a force which caused a break or fault inrainbow coloured cameos which are so heavy they needed alever to move them.Recalling these words and transforming them we get:f—81-5
t—1r—4n—2b-9c—7m—3s—0l 5v—8r—4851429730584!A further system for remembering numbers such as this,especially if you have not committed the major system entirelyto memory, is to make up four-consonant words from thenumber you have to remember. Let us try this with a 16 digitnumber: 1582907191447620. From the digits we get 1582—telephone, 9071—basket, 9144—botherer, 7620—cushions. Ourimage chain can be of a telephone being thrown into a basketwhere an annoying person (a botherer!) has also been thrownwith some cushions. Recalling the number should by now be afamiliar process to you.To check on the amazing difference this method of numbermemorisation makes, go back to the original test-chapter andsee how easy those initial numbers were!

CARD MEMORY SYSTEM

Magicians and memory experts often amaze and amuseaudiences with their ability to remember complete packs ofcards in the order in which they were presented. Theysimilarly astound their audiences by being able to rattle off,without any difficulty, the six or seven cards not mentionedwhen an incomplete 'pack' is randomly presented. Extra-ordinary as these feats may seem, they are not all that difficultand are usually quite straightforward—even though manypeople accuse the performer of having hidden assistants in theaudience, marked cards, and a number of other tricks!The system for remembering a complete pack of cards issimilar in concept to the peg systems so far discussed. All thatis necessary is to know the first letter of the word for the suitand the number of the card in that suit.For example, all words for the club cards will begin withc, all words for the hearts with h, all words for the spades withs, and all the words for the diamonds with d. The secondconsonant for the card-word will be the consonant repre-sented by the letter from the Major Memory System.Taking as an example the 5 of spades we know that it mustbegin with V because it is a spade card, and that its lastconsonant must be 'l' because it is the 5, and 5 is representedby 'l'. Without much difficulty we arrive at the word 'sale'which represents the 5 of spades.Taking another example, we wish to devise a word for the3 of diamonds. The word must begin with 'd' because it is thediamond suit and its final consonant must be 'm' because 'm*is represented by the number 3 in the major system. Filling inwith the first vowel we arrive at the word 'dam' which is ourimage word for the 3 of diamonds.Following is a list of the cards (aces count as 'one') andtheir memory words. A few of the variations I will explainwhen you have had a chance to familiarise yourself with the
list.
clubs Diamonds
CA—Cat DA—Date
C2—Can D2—Dane
C3—Cam D3—Dam
C4—Car D4—Deer
C5—Call D5—Dale
C6—Cage D6—Dash
C7—Cake D7—Deck
C8—Cafe D8—Dive
C9—Cab D9—Dab
Cio—Case D10—Daze
CJ—Cadet DJ—Dead wood
CQ—Cotton DQ—Deaden
CK—Club DK—Diamond

Hearts- Spades
HA—Hat SA—Sot
H2—Hen S2—Son
H3—Ham S3—Sum
H4—Hair S4—Sore
H5—Hail S5—Sale
H6—Hash S6—Sash
H7—Hag S7—Sack
H8—Hoof S8—Sage
H9—Hub S9—Sap
Hio—Haze Sio—Seas
HJ—Headed SJ—Sated
HQ—Heathen SQ—Satan
HK—Heart HK—Spade
In this system the jacks and queens have been counted as thenumbers 11 and 12, and 10 as 's', and the king simply as thename of the suit in which he resides! The memory words forthe clubs are in many cases the same as those for the majorsystem words for the 70's, but this need not concern you, asthe two lists will never come into conflict.How does the memory expert dazzle his audience? Theanswer is quite simple—whenever a card is called out heimmediately associates that card with the appropriate numberon his major system (you will of course be able to use mosystems for this task, as the Skipnum system also containsenough pegs to hold a full pack of cards.).If for example the first card called out was the 7 of dia-monds you would associate the word 'deck' with the first wordon your major system which is 'tea'. You might imagine theentire deck of a boat being covered in tea, or perhaps even theBoston Tea Party! If the next card called were the ace ofhearts you would associate the word for this card—'hat'—with the second word on you memory system 'Noah' andwould link these two. You could imagine Noah on the arkwearing an enormous rain-hat in order to keep off the flood!If the next card called were the queen of spades you wouldassociate the word for that card —'satan'—with your thirdmajor system word 'Ma'. You could imagine your motherbashing satan over the head!From these few examples I hope you can see how easy it canbe to memorise an entire pack of cards in whatever order theyhappen to be presented to you. It is a most impressive feat tobe able to perform in front of your friends!Your facility in remembering cards can be taken a stepfurther. It is possible to have someone randomly read you thenames of all the cards in the deck, leaving out any six or sevenhe chooses. Without much hesitation you can tell him whichcards these were!There are two ways of doing this, the first being to use atechnique similar to that explained in Chapter 8.Whenever a card is called out you associate the image wordfor that card within a larger concept such as the block of icepreviously mentioned. In different situations you can use acoal-cellar or a boat etc. as that in which you contain your cardmemory word. When all the cards have been presented yousimply run down the list of card memory words noting thosewords which are not connected with the larger memoryconcept.If the 4 of clubs had been called you might have pictured acar slithering across the huge cube of ice, or being trappedwithin it. You could hardly forget this image but if the card4 of clubs had not been called you would immediately remem-ber that you had nothing to remember!The other system for this type offeat is to mutate or changein some way the card memory word if that card is called. Forexample if the king of clubs were called and your image forthis was a cave-man like club you would imagine it beingbroken in half. Or if the card called were the 2 of hearts andyour normal image for this was a simple farm hen you mightimagine it with an extraordinarily large tail or with its head cutoff!The systems described in this chapter are basic to theremembering ofcards, but it does not take much to see that inthe actual playing ofcard games, a memory system such as thiscan be of enormous help. You have probably watched peoplerepeating over and over to themselves the cards which theyknow have been put down or which are in other players' hands,and you have probably seen them sigh with exasperation attheir inability to remember accurately!With your new memory system such tasks will become onlytoo simple!

THE MAJOR SYSTEM

The Major system is the ultimate in the development of thepeg systems discussed earlier. It is a system which has been inuse for over 400 years, although it has been continuallyimproved since the middle of the 17th century, when it wasintroduced by Stanislaus Mink von Wesnnsshein. VonWennsshein's basic construction was modified in the early18th century by Doctor Richard Grey, an Englishman.The system makes use of a different consonant or consonantsound for each number from zero to ten as follows:
1 = t, d, th2 = n3 = m4 = r6 = j, sh, ch, dg, soft g7 = k, ch, hard c, hard g, ng, q8 = f,v9 = p,bo = s, z, soft cTo save you the trouble ofremembering these by rote, thereare simple little remembering devices:1. The letters t and d have one down stroke.2. The letter n has two down strokes.-3. The letter m has three down strokes.4. The letter r is the last letter in the wordfour.5. The letter 1 can bethought ofas eithertheromannumeralfor 50 or the shape of a spread hand which has five spreadfingers.6. The letter L is the mirror image of 6.7. The letter k, when seen as a capital, contains two numbersevens!
8. The letter f, when written, has two loops; similar to thenumber 8.9. The letter p is the mirror image of9.10. s or z is the first sound of the word zero; 'o' is the lastletter.As with the Number-Sound and Number-Shape systems,our task is to create a visual image that can immediately andpermanently be linked with the number it represents.Let us take for example the number 1. In order to assign toit a memory word we have to think of a word that is a goodvisual image and that contains only 't', 'd' or 'th' and a vowelsound. Examples include 'toe', 'doe', tea', 'the' and manyothers. When recalling the word we had chosen for number 1,let us say 'tea', we would know that it could represent only thenumber 1 because the consonant letters in the word representno other number, and vowels do not count as numbers in oursystem.Let us try another example: the number 34. In this case wehave first the number three which is represented by the letter'm' and then 4 which is represented by the letter 'r'. Examplescan include 'more', 'moor', 'mire' and 'mare'. In selecting the'best' word for this number you once again make use of thealphabetic dictionary-order to assist both in choice of wordand in recall.The letters we have to choose are 'm' and 'r', so we simplymentally run through the vowels 'a-e-i-o-u' order using thefirst vowel that enables us to make an adequate memory word.The case in question is easily solved, as 'a' fits in between 'm'and V to direct us towards the word 'mare"The advantage of using this alphabet-order system is thatshould a word in the major system ever be forgotten it canliterally be 'worked out' from the basic information. All youhave to do is to place the letters ofthe number in their correctorder and then 'slot in' the vowels. As soon as you touch thecorrect combination your memory-word will immediatelycome to mind.Before going on, jot down the numbers from 10 to 19, lettingthe letter t represent in each case the '1' of the number. Nexttry to complete the words, using the alphabet-order system forthese numbers.Don't worry if this exercise proves a little difficult, as justover the page you will find a complete list ofmemory words forthe numbers 1 to 100. Don't simply accept them—check eachone carefully, changing any that you find difficult to visualiseor for which you have a better substitute.You now possess a peg memory system for the numbersfrom 1 to 100—a system which contains within itself thepattern for its own memorisation! As you will have seen, thissystem is basically limitless. In other words, now that we haveletters for the numbers 0-9, it should be possible for us todevise memory words for the numbers not only for 1 to 100 butalso for the numbers from 100 to 1,000! This system could ofcourse go on for ever but I doubt that anyone would needmore than 1,000 peg words.On the pages that follow I have devised a list ofkey memorypeg words for the numbers 100 to 1,000. After certain of themore 'difficult' words I have included either:1. A suggestion for a way in which an image might beformed from the word.2. A dictionary definition ofthe word, the definition includ-ing words or ideas that should help you to form your image.3. 'New' definitions for words which place them in ahumourous, or different, but certainly more memorisableform.The remaining words have blank spaces following them. Inthe space provided you should write in your own key words for,or ideas about, the image you will be using.In some cases, where the combination of letters makes theuse of single words impossible, double words have been usedsuch as Wo Cash' for the number 276, (n, hard c, sh).In other cases it is necessary to include vowels (which haveno numerical meaning) at the beginning of the word. Forexample the number 394 (m, p, r) is represented by the word'empire'.In still further cases words have been used, the first threeletters only of which pertain to the number. For example thenumber 359 (m, 1, b) is represented by the word 'mailbag'. Thefinal 'g' has no significance or importance.Your next task should be to check carefully this MajorSystem list. It would obviously be too much to ask you to dothis at one sitting, so I suggest the more modest goal ofchecking, making images for, and remembering, a hundredwords each day. As you go through the list make every effort tomake your images of the words as solid as you possibly can.1. TEA 2. NOAH3. MA 4. RAY5. LAW 6. JAW7. KEY 8. FOE9. PA 10. TOES11. TATE (the Art Gallery) 12. TAN13. TAM 14. TAR15. TAIL 16. TAJ (Mahal)17. TACK 18. TOFFEE19. TAP 20. NOSE21. NET 22. NAN23. NAME 24. NERO25. NAIL 26. NICHE27. NECK 28. NAVE29. NAP 30. MACE31. MAT 32. MAN33. MAMA 34. MARE35. MALE 36. MASH37. MAC 38. MAFIA39. MAP 40. RACE41. RAT 42. RAIN43. RAM 44. REAR45. RAIL 46. RASH47. RACK 48. RAVE49. RAPE 50. LACE
51. LAD 52. LANE53. LAMB 54. LAIR55. LILY 56. LASH57. LAKE 58. LAUGH59. LAP 60. CHASE61. CHAT 62. CHAIN63. CHIME 64. CHAIR65. CHILL 66. JUDGE67. CHECK 68. CHAFF69. CHAP 70. CASE71. CAT 72. CAN73. CAM (Shaft) 74. CAR75. CALL 76. CAGE77. CAKE 78. CAFE79. CAB 80. FACE81. FAT 82. FAN83. FOAM 84. FAIR85. FALL 86. FISH87. FAKE 88. FIFE89. FOB 90. BASE91. BAT 92. BAN93. BEAM 94. BAR95. BALL 96. BASH97. BACK 98. BEEF99. BABE 100. DISEASEEven when words refer to ideas or concepts, bring them downtoamore immediatelyimaginistic level For examplethenumber368, represented by the memory words 'much force' should, not be pictured as some vague power or energy in space, butshould be solidified into an image in which much force is usedto, accomplish or destroy, etc. In other words in each of thesecases you will be attempting to make the memory word asvisual and as memorable as possible. Remember the four rulesin the early chapter: Exaggerate; Move; Substitute; beAbsurd.In cases where words are similar in concept to previouswords, it is most important to make your images as differentas possible. The same caution applies to words which arepluralised because ofthe addition of V. In these cases imaginean enormous number of the items as opposed to a singleenormous item.You will find your consolidation of the words in the majorsystem useful not only because it will enable you to rememberthe astounding number of 1,000 items in order or randomly,but also because it will exercise your creative Unking abilitywhich is so necessary for remembering anything.In addition, a number of the words used as mnemonics inthisMajor System are interesting in their own right. As youcheck through and memorise each list of 100, have a dictionaryby your side—it will serve as a means ofsolidifying the imagesfor you, will enable you to select the best possible images orwords and will be ofvalue in the improvement ofyour generalvocabulary ! If you are also reading my book Speed Reading,combine where feasible the vocabulary exercises included in itwith your exercises on the Major System.100. Dust.101. Design.102. Disease.103. Dismay.104.Desert.______________________________________105. Dazzle.106. Discharge.107. Disc.108. Deceive.•109. Despair.110. Dates.Succulent, sticky fruit, often eaten atChristmas.111. Deadwood.Decayed, often twisted remains oftrees.112. Deaden.113. Diadem.A crown; a wreath ofleaves or flowersworn around the head.114. Daughter.115. Detail.116. Detach.117. Toothache.118. Dative.Nouns which express giving.119. Deathbed.120. Tennis.121. Dent.122. Denun.To take a nun or nuns away from aplace or situation.123. Denim.A very tough fabric used for makingworking clothes.124. Dinner.125. Downhill.126. Danish.A native of Denmark; like the GreatDane dog.127. Dank.Unpleasantly soaked or damp; marshyor swampy.128. Downfall.129. Danube.The river (or picture waltzing to theBlue Danube).130. Demise.The death of a sovereign.131. Domed.Having a large, rounded summit, as ahead or a church.132. Demon.133. Demi-monde. The fringe of Society.134. Demure.'135. Dimly.-136. Damage.137. Democracy.138. Dam full.139. Damp.140. Dress.(It may be helpful here to imagine thegarment on a man.)141. Dart.142. Drain.143. Dram.144. Drawer.145. Drill.146. Dredge.Apparatus for bringing up mud (oroysters) from the sea or river bottom.147- Drag.148. Drive.149. Drip.150. Deluxe.151. Daylight.152. Delinquent.153. Dilemma.A position leaving a choice which isusually between two evils.154. Dealer.155. Delilah.Temptress; false and wily woman(Samson).156. Deluge. Agreatflood;Noah'sflood.157. Delicacy.158. Delphi.The Greek town in which was thesanctuary of the oracle.159. Tulip.•160. Duchess.161. Dashed.162. Dudgeon.Strong anger, resentment or feeling ofoffence.163. Dutchman.164. Dodger.A wily, tricky, elusive person.165. Dash light:(Imagine the dash light in your car.)166. Dishwash.Abbreviation for dishwashing machine.167. De choke.(Reverse the image of choke, either inrelation to a car or to stranglingsomeone!)168. Dishevel.To make the hair or clothes loose, dis-ordered, 'flung about'.169. Dish-up.To serve food—usually applied to aslap-dash manner.170. Decks.171. Decade.172. Token.173. Decamp.(Imagine confusion in the dismantlingof tents, etc.)174. Decree.An order made by an authoritydemanding some kind of action.175.Ducal.(Imagine anything similar to or lookinglike a Duke.)176. Puckish.177. Decaying.178. Take-off.179. Decapitate.180. Deface.181. Defeat.182. Divan.183. Defame.To speak evil of; to slander.184. Diver.185. Defile.186. Devotion.187. Defeat.188. Two Frisky Fillies. (Imagine them in a field ormemorable enclosure.)189. Two Frightened Boys. (Perhaps being chased by188!)190. Debase.To lower in character, quality, or value.191. Debate.192. Debone.To pick the bones out of—usually from193. Whitebeam.A tree with long, silvery underleaves.194. Dipper.(Imagine the Big Dipper starconstellation.)195. Dabble.196. Debauch.To corrupt or lead astray, fromtemperance or chastity.197. Dipping.(Imagine someone being dipped forciblyinto water, as the medieval torture.)198. Dab off.(Imagine a stain or blood being'dabbed off' with cotton wool.)199. Depip.To take the pips out of (imagine apomegranate!).200. Nieces.201. Nosed.Sniffed or smelled out—often appliedto hunting animals.202. Insane.203. Noisome.Harmful, noxious, ill-smelling.204. Noser.A very strong headwind.205. Nestle.206. Incision.A clean cutting ofsomething, as with adoctor's scalpel.207. Nosegay.Abunchofsweet-scentedflowers.208. Unsafe.209. Newsboy.210. Notice.211. Needed.212. Indian.213. Anatomy.214. Nadir.The lowest point; place or time ofgreat depression.215. Needle.216. Night-watch.217. Antique.218. Native.219. Nit-boy.A boy who is always doing addle-headed things.220. Ninnies.A group of people with weak minds;Simpletons.221. Ninth.(Imagine the ninth hole of a golfcourse.)222. Ninon.A light-weight dress fabric made ofsilk.223. Noname.(Imagine a person who has forgottenhis name.)224. Nunnery.225. Union-hall.226. Nunish.Pertaining to, or like a nun.227. Non-aqua.Having nothing at all to do with water.228. Nineveh.229. Ninepin.One ofnine upright pieces of wood tobe knocked down in the game ofninepins.__230. Names.231. Nomad.232. Nominee.A person nominated for a position or•office.233. No Ma'am.234. Enamour.To bring to life, to animate with love.235. Animal.236. No mash.(Imagine a saucepan which has justbeen emptied ofmashed potatoes.)237. Unmake238. Nymph.A beautiful, mythological maiden,always young.239. Numb.240. Nurse.241. Narrate.242. No run.243. Norm.A standard; a set pattern to bemaintained.244. Narrower.245. Nearly.246. Nourish.247. New York.248. Nerve.249. Nearby.250. Nails.'251. Nailed..252. Nylon.253. New Loam.Freshly-turned rich and fertile soil.254. Kneeler.255. Nail-hole.256. Knowledge.257. Nailing258. Nullify.To cancel, to neutralize, to quash.259. Unlab.To dismantle a scientific laboratory.260. Niches.Vertical recesses in a wall to containa statue.261. Unshod.262. Nation.263. Unjam.264. Injure.265. Unshell.To extract a living organism from itsshell266. Nosh shop.(Imagine the school tuck-shop orsomething similar.)267. NoJoke.A 'joke' thatfalls flat.268. Unshaved.269. Unship.(Imagine a great crowd of people beingordered off a ship.)270. Necks.271. Naked.272. Noggin.A small mug and/or its contents.273. Income.________________274. Anchor.275. Nickel.A grey metal related to cobalt; anAmerican coin worth about21/2n.p.276. No Cash.(Imagine someone fumbling in hispockets in order to pay a restaurantbill)277. Knocking.278. Encave.To confine to a dark place; to keep in acave.279. Uncap.(Imagine schoolboys stealing eachothers caps.)280. Nephews.281. Nevada.282. Uneven.283. Unfirm.284. Never.285. Navel.286. Knavish.Having the characteristics of a roguishtrickster; a deceitful and dishonest man.287. Invoke.To address in prayer; to imploreassistance or protection.288. Unfavourable.289. Enfeeble.To make extremely weak and unable tofunction.290. Nibs.291. Unpod.To take from the pod, as peas.292. New Pan.(Imagine a brilliantly shiny frying pan.)293. New Beam.(Imagine the first beam ever from thesun.)294. Neighbour.295. Nibble.,296. Nippish.297. Unpack.•,298. Unpaved.299. Nabob.A wealthy, luxurious person, especiallyone returned from India with a fortune.300. Moses.301. Mast302. Mason.One who cuts, builds, and prepareswith stone.303. Museum.304. Miser.305. Missile.306. Massage.307. Mask.308. Massive.309. Mishap.310. Midas.The king who craved for gold.311. Mid-day.312. Maiden.313. Madam.314. Motor.315. Medal.-316. Modish.In the style ofthe current fashion.317. Medic.318. Midwife.319. Mudpie.320. Manse.The home of a Presbyterian minister.321. Mend.322. Minion.Favourite child, servant or animal;slave.323. Minim.A creature ofthe smallest size orimportance; a musical note.324. Manner.325. Manila.326. Manage.327. Maniac.328. Manful.Brave, resolute, bold; with man's bestqualities.329. Monopoly.The sole power of trading; exclusivepossession; a popular board-game.330. Maims.331. Mammouth.332. Mammon.The Syrian God of riches; wordlywealth.333. My Mum.'334. Memory.335. Mammal.336. My match.337. Mimic.338. Mummify.To preserve the body by embalming.339. Mump.340. Mars.341. Maraud.To make a plunderous raid; to go aboutpilfering.342. Marine.343. Miriam.344. Mirror.345. Moral.346. March.347. Mark.348. Morphia.The narcotic principle of opium.349. Marble.350. Males.351. Malt.352. Melon.353. Mile Man.354. Miller355. Molehill.356. Mulish.(Imagine anything that is characteristicof a mule.)357. Milk.358. Mollify.To soften, assuage, appease.359. Mail-bag.360. Matches.361. Mashed.362. Machine.363. Mishmash.A jumble; a hodge podge; a medley.364. Major.365. Mesh Lock.(Imagine something like a gear cogmeshing and locking, or a lock thatoperates by an intricate mesh.)366. Magician.367. Magic.368. Much Force.369. Much bent.__370. Mikes.371. Mocked.372. Mohican..373. Make Muck.374. Maker.375. Meekly.376. My cash.377. Making.378. Make Off.To hurry away, as a thieffrom thescene.379- Magpie.380. Movies.381. Mufti.An expounder of Mohammedan law;civilian dress as opposed to uniform.382. Muffin.383. Movement.384. Mayfair.385. Muffle.386. My Fish.387. Maffick.To celebrate uproariously.-388. Mauve Feet.389. Movable._____390. Mopes.Sulks; being dull or out of spirits.391. Moped.Having completed 390!392. Embank.To throw up a bank; protect by a bank.393. Wampum.Name for money-beads and shellsused by North American Indians.394. Empire.395. Maple.396. Ambush.397. Impact.398. Impavid.Fearless; bold; intrepid..399. Imbibe.To drink in; absorb (often used ofliquor).'400. Recess.401. Recite.402. Raisin.403. Resume*.A summing up; a condensed statement;a summary.404. Racer.405. Wrestle.406. Rose-show.407. Risk.408.Receive._409. Rasp.To rub with a coarse file; to utter in a'grating way.410. Raids.411. Radiate.412. Rattan.Indian climbing palm with long, thin,many-jointed pliable stem.413. Redeem.414. Radar.(Imagine 'beaming in' on some objectin the sky.)415. Rattle.416. Radish.417. Reading.418. Ratify.To settle, confirm, approve, establish.419. Rat Bait.420. Reigns.421. Rained.422. Reunion.423. Uranium.A radio-active white metallic element.424. Runner.425. Runnel.A rivulet or gutter.426. Ranch.427. Rank.428. Run Off.A deciding, final contest; a gutter orspillway.429. Rainbow.430. Remus.One oftwo brothers suckled by a wolf—-one of the founders of Rome.431. Rammed.432. Roman.433. Remember.434. Rammer.An armoured point on the prow ofaship.435. Rommel. -Notorious German war leader.436. Rummage.437. Remake.438. Ramify.To form branches or subdivisions oroffshots.t439. Ramp.440. Roars.441. Reared.442. Rareness.443. Rearman.The last man in a column or file.444. Rarer.445- Rarely._446. Rare Show447. Rearing.448. Rarefy.To lessen the density or solidity of,especially air.449. Rarebit.A dainty morsel; often applied toWelsh Rarebit—grilled cheese on toast450. Release.451. Railed.452. Re-loan.453. Realm.454. Roller.455. Reel Line.(Imagine a fishing line tangled on itsreel.)456. Relish.457. Relic.458. Relief.459. Relapse.460. Riches.461. Reached.462. Region.463. Regime.Mode, style, diet; form of government464. Rasher.465. Rachel.466. Rejudge.467. Raging.468. Arch Foe.(Imagine yourselfas a knight with onegiant foe among a number of others.)469. Reach up.470. Racks.471. Racket.472. Reckon.473. Requiem.A service spoken or sung for the peaceof the soul of a dead person.474. Raker.(Imagine a man who does nothing butrake gardens.)475. Recall.476. Roguish.477. Rococo.A highly ornamented and florid style indesign.478. Recover.479. Raek up.Colloquialism meaning to injureseriously in sport.480. Refuse.Rubbish; garbage.481. Raft;482. Raven.483. Reform.484. Reefer.A short jacket worn by sailors; amarijuana cigarette.485. Raffle._ _486. Ravage.487. Revoke.A card player's failure to follow suitthough he could.488. Revive.489. Roofable..490. Rabies.491. Rabid.Furious, violent, unreasoning, mad.492. Ribbon.493. Ripe Melon.494. Raper.495. Rabble.49& Rubbish.497. Rebuke.498. Rebuff.499. Republic.A society ofpersons or animals withequality between members.500. Lasses.501. Last.502. Lesson.503. Lyceum.A place for instruction and lectures; Aplace in Athens where Aristotle taught.504. Laser.A super-concentrated beam of light- coming from a substance which isvibrated.505. Lazily.506. Alsatian.507. Lacing.508. Lucifer.509. Lisp.510. Ladies.511. Lighted.512. Latin.513. Late Meal.514. Ladder.515. Ladle.516. Old-Age.517. Leading.518. Old Foe.519. Lead Pipe.520. Lance.521. Land.,_____522. linen.523. Liniment.524. Linear.525. Lineal.Relating to a line or lines; in direct line.526. Launch.527. Lank.528. Luna Flight.529. Line-up.530. Looms.531. Limit..532. Layman.533. Lame Mare.534. Lamarck.Famous French Zoologist and botanist535. Lamella.A thin plate, especially oftissue or bone.536. Lime Juice.537. Looming.538. Lymph.Virus-laden matter obtained from adiseased body.539- Lamp.540. Layers.,541. Lard.542. Learn.543. Alarm.544. Leerer.545. Laurel.546. Large.547. Lark.548. Larva.549. Larrup.Colloquial for 'to thrash'.550. Lilies.551. lilt;552. Lowland.553. Lielow Mattress. A camping mattress which servesas a bed.554. Lowlier.555. Lily-livered.556. Liliaceous.Relating to the lily family; like a lily.557. Lilac. " .558. Low life.559. Lullaby.560. Lashes.^561. Legit.Colloquial for that which is honest or'above board'.562. Legion.563. Lush Meadow.564. Lecher.565. Lushly.566. All-Jewish.567- Logic-568. Low shot.:569. Lush Pea.570. Lakes.571. Licked.572. Lagoon.573. Locum.Colloquial for a deputy in any office,especially a doctor.574« Lacquer..___575. Local.'576- Luggage.577. licking.578. Liquefy.To bring a solid or a gas into a liquidcondition.579. Lock-up.580. Leaves.581. Livid.582. Elfin.Like, or relating to, a fairy or an elf.583. Alluvium.Soil deposited or washed down by theaction ofwater584. Lever.585. Level.586. Lavish.587. Leaving.588. Leave Off!589. Life-boat.590. Lips.591. Leaped.592. Lib Now!(Imagine this phrase as a Woman's_ _Liberation placard.)593.Labium.The floor ofthe mouth of insects andcrustaceans etc.594. Labour.595. Label.596. Lipchap.A cold sore on the lip.597. Law-book.598. Leap-frog.599- Lap-up.600. Chases.601. Chaste.602. Jason.And the Golden Fleece!603. Chessman.604. Chaser.605. Chisel.606. Cheese-Show.607. Chasing.608. Joseph.609. Jasper. "An opaque variety ofquartz, usuallyred, yellow or brown.610. Shades.611. Shaded.612. Jetton.An engraved disc or counter.613. Chatham.Naval town in Kent.614. Chatter.615. Chattel.A movable possession; property which_is not freehold.616. Chit-chat.617. Cheating.618. Shadoof.A water raiser consisting of a long polehung from a post, and a bucket orbottle.619. Chat-up.To talk to a person ofthe opposite sexwith further contact in mind.620. Chains.621. Chant.622. Genuine.623. Chinaman624. Joiner.625. Channel.626. Change.627. Chink.628. Geneva.Headquarters for certain UnitedNations organisations; Major city ofSwitzerland.629. Shin-bone.630. Chums.631. Ashamed.632. Showman.633. Jemima.Boot with elastic sides, having no lacesor clasps to fasten.634. Chimera.A fire-breathing monster with a lion'shead, a goat's body, and a dragon'stail.635. Shameless.636. Jimjams.Nervous fears; delirium tremens.637. Jamaica.-'638. Shameful.639. Champ.640. Cheers.641. Chart.642. Shrine.643. Chairman.644. Juror.645. Churl.A surly, ill-bred man.646. Charge.647. Cherokee.North American Indian.648. Giraffe.649. Chirp.650. Jealous.651. Child.652. Chilean.653. Show-loom.(Imagine an exquisite antique weaving•machine put on special display.)654. Jailer.655. Shallowly.In a manner not intellectual, or lacking,"..in depth.656. Geology.657. Challenge.658. Shelf.659. Julep.A sweet preparation serving as a vehiclefor nauseous medicines.660. Judges.661. Judged.662. Jejune.Bare, meagre, empty, attenuated; voidof interest.663. Judgement.664. Judger.665. Jewishly.666. Choo-choo-choo. An especially puffy steam engine1667. Joshing.Good-natured leg-pulling or joking.668. Jehoshaphat. A king of Israel.669. Shoe Shop.670. Checks.671. Checked.672. Chicken.673. Checkmate.A position in the game chess in whichopponent's king is trapped. The end ofthe game.674. Checker.675. Chuckle.676. Jokish.677. Checking.678. Chekhov.Famous Russian Author of shortstories and plays.679. Jacob.680. Chafes.Excites or heats by friction; wears byrubbing.__ _681. Shaft.682. Shaven.683. Chief Mao.684. Shaver.685. Joyful.686. Chiff Chaff.One of the British warbling birds.687. Chafing.688. Shove Off!689. Shaveable.690. Chaps.691. Chapter.692. Japan.693. Chapman.694. Chopper.695. Chapel.696. Sheepish.697. Chipping.698. Sheepfold._____699. Shopboy.700. Kisses.701. Cast.702. Casino.703. Chasm.704. Kisser.705. Gazelle.•766. Kiss Owch!707. Cash.708. Cohesive.With the quality of sticking together,said especially of 'sticky tape' andmolecules.709. Cusp.The point at which two branches of acurve meet and stop; the pointed end,especially ofa leaf.710. Cats.711. Cadet.712. Cotton.713. Gotham.A typical foolish town; New York City.714. Catarrh.A discharge from the mucousmembrane caused by a cold in the head;the condition resulting from this.715. Cattle.716. Cottage.717. Coating.718. Cadaver.A corpse.719. Cut-up.Colloquial for 'knife fight' in which oneor both antagonists are injured.720. Cans.721. Cant.Affected, insincere speech; the fashionof speech of a sea; to speak withwhining insincerity.722. Cannon.723. Economy.724. Coiner.725. Kennel.726. Conjure.727. Conk.Colloquial for 'to bang on the head*.728. Convey.729. Canopy.A covering over a bed or a throne.730. Cameos.Pieces of relief carving in stone andagate, etc. with colour-layers utilized togive background.731. Comet.732. Common.733. Commemorate.734. Camera.735. Camel.,736. Garnish.In a plucky or rumbustious mood; ofthe quality of birds of game.737. Comic.738. Comfy.739. Camp.740. Caress.741. Card.742. Corn.743. Cram.744. Career.745. Carol.746. Crash.• .747. Crack.748. Carafe.A glass water or wine bottle for theeating table.749. Carp.To catch at small faults; a freshwaterfish usually bred in ponds.750. Class.751. Clod.752. Clan.753. Clam. -754. Clear.755. Galilee.The porch or chapel at the entrance ofa church.756. Gash.757. Clack.758. Cliff.759.Clip.760. Cages.761. Caged.762. Cushion.763. Cashmere.A rich shawl, originally made atCashmere in India.764. Cashier.765. Cajole.To persuade or soothe by flattery,deceit, etc.766. Co-Judge.767. Catching.768. Cageful.769. Ketchup.Tomato sauce.770. Cakes...771. Cooked.772. Cocoon.773. Cucumber.774. Cooker.775. Cackle.776. Quackish.Like the call ofthe duck; characteristicof a charlatan, imposter or pretender.777. Cooking.778. Quickfire.779. Cockup.Colloquial for that which has beenmade a mess of; improperly arranged.780. Cafes.781. Craved.-782. Coffin.783. Caveman.784. Caviar.A food delicacy; the prepared roe ofthe sturgeon.785. Cavil.To find objection or needless fault with.786. Gaffish.Similar to a barbed fishing spear.787. Caving.788. Cavafy.The 'old poet' of Alexandria.789. Coffee Bar.790. Cabs.791. Cupid.792. Cabin.793. Cabman.794. Caper.To frolic, skip or leap lightly, as alamb; a small berry used for makingpickles and condiments.795- Cable.796. Cabbage.797- Coping.„798. Keep Off.799. Cobweb.-800. Faces.801. Fast.802. Pheasant.803. Face Mole.804. Visor.805. Facile.'806. Visage.807. Facing.808. Phosphor.Related to that which glows orphosphoresces.809. Face Up.Colloquial for 'meet the brunt'; acceptthe challenge or consequences.810. Fates.The three Greek godesses of Destiny.811. Faded.812. Fatten.813. Fathom.814. Fetter.815. Fatal.816. Fattish.817. Fading.818. Fateful..819. Football.820. Fans.821. Faint.822. Finance.823. Venom.•824. Fawner.An obsequious or sycophantic person;one who insincerely praises forreward.825. Final.826. Finish.827. Fawning.A deer giving birth.828. Fanfare.829. Vain Boy.830. Famous.831. Vomit.832. Famine.833. Fame-Mad.834. Femur.The thigh bone.835. Female.836. Famish.837. Foaming.838. Fumeful.839. Vamp.Adventuress; woman who exploitsmen; unscrupulous flirt.840. Farce.841. Fort.842. Fern.843. Farm., 844. Farrier.A man who shoes horses or treats themfor disease.845. Frail.^___846. Fresh.847. Frock,•848. Verify.Establish the truth of, bear out, makegood.849. Verb.(Imagine a word in action itself!)850. False.851. Fault.852. Flan.Pastry spread with jam or conserves.853. Flame.854. Flare.__855. Flail.Wooden staff at the end of which ashort heavy stick hangs swinging—for- threshing.856. Flash.857. Flake.858. Fluff.859. Flab.860. Fishes.861. Fished.862. Fashion.863. Fishman.864. Fisher.865. Facial.866. Fish-shop.867. Fishing.868. Fishfood.869. Fishbait.870. Focus.__871. Faked.__872. Fecund.Prolific; fertile.873. Vacuum,874. Fakir.A Mohammedan or Hindu religiousdevotee.875. Fickle.876. Fake China.877. Faking.878. Havocful.Tilled' with devastation and destruction,879. Vagabond.880. Fifes.881. Vivid.882. Vivien.883. Fife-man.884. Fever.885. Favillous.Consisting of, or pertaining to, ashes.886. Fifish.Resembling, or having thecharacteristicsofafife.887. Fifing.888. Vivify.Give life to; enliven; animate.889. Viviparous.Bringing forth young alive rather than•as eggs.890. Fibs.891. Fibbed.892. Fabian.Employing cautious strategy to wearout an enemy.893. Fob-maker.894. Fibre895. Fable.896. Foppish.897. Fee back.(Imagine yourselfreceiving money youhad paid for a product that was un-satisfactory.)98. Fob File.899. Fab Boy.Colloquialism for a young boyconsidered very attractive by girls.900. Basis.901. Bast.The inner bark of lime; other flexiblefibrousbarks.902. Basin.903. Bosom.904. Bazaar.905. Puzzle.,906. Beseech:',To ask earnestly for; to entreat,•' supplicate or implore.907. Basic.908. Passive.909. Baseball.910. Beads.911. Bedded.912. Button.913. Bottom.___914. Batter.915. Battle.-916. Badge.__.917. Bedding.918. Beatify.To make happy or blessed; to declarethat a person is blessed with eternalhappiness.919. Bad Boy.920. Bans.Curses; interdicts; prohibitions;sentence of outlawry.921. Band.922. Banana.923. Benumb.To make numb or torpid, insensible orpowerless.924. Banner.925. Banal.Trivial, trite, stale, commonplace.926. Bannish,927. Bank.928. Banf.A mountainous area in western Canadain the Rocky Mountains famous for itsbeauty and excellent skiing slopes.929. Pinup.930. Beams.931. Pomade.A scented ointment, originating fromapples, for the hair and skin of thehead.932. Bemoan.Weep or express sorrow for or over; tolament or bewail.933. Beam Maker.934. Bemire.To get stuck in wet mud.935. Pommel.A rounded knob, especially at the endof a swordhilt; to beat with thefists.936. Bombshell.937. Beaming.938. Bumf.Odds and ends; disorganised stuff;waste; rubbish._939. Bump.940. Brass.941. Bread.942. Barn.943. Brim.944. Barrier.945. Barrel.946. Barge..947. Bark.948. Brief.949. Bribe.950. Blaze.951. Bald.952. Balloon.953. Blame. -954. Boiler.955. Balliol.One of the famous Colleges at Oxford.956. Blush.957. Black.958. Bailiff.A king's representative in a district;agent or lord of a manor; officer undera sheriff.959. Bulb.960. Beaches.961. Budget.962. Passion.963. Pyjamas.964. Poacher.One who tresspasses to steal game orfish; a vessel for poaching eggs.965. Bushel.An 8-gallon measure for grain andfruit.966. Push Chair.967. Bushwack.Dweller in the backwoods; guerrilla or-bandit.__968. Bashful.969. Bishop..970. Bacchus.The Greek God of wine.971. Bucket.972. Bacon.973. Becalm.To still; to make quiet; delay throughlack of wind, as a yacht.974. Baker.975. Buckle.976. Baggage.977. Backing.Support, moral or physical; a web ofstrong material at the back of somewoven fabric.978. Back Off.979. Back Up.980. Beehives.981. Buffet.982. Buffoon.A wag, jester, mocker, a droll clown.983. Pavement.984. Beaver.985. Baffle.986. Beefish.987. Bivouac.A temporary encampment withouttents.988. Push Off.989. Puff Up.,990. Babies.991. Puppet.992. Baboon.993. Pipe Major.994- Paper.995. Babble.996. Baby Show.997- Popgun-998. Pipeful.999. Pop Up.An automatic toaster; a toy consistingof a lidded box with sprung puppet.1000. Diseases.This has been a giant chapter, but its importance is beyondquestion. The. major system can be used, like the smallersystems, to remember' short lists. Its advantage of course isthat it is limitless.It can therefore be used to store information. For example ifyou wish to remember a certain list of facts to which youwould have to refer continually over a period of years youcould memorise that list using the key words from, for example,400 to 430. In this way you can build up a permanent library ofimportant or interesting facts which you will never forget!The major system is not only a peg system. It is also thebasis for remembering numbers, dates and telephone numbers,etc., and to these we shall shortly turn.

MEMORY SYSTEM FOR NAMES AND FACES

Remembering names and faces is one of the most importantaspects in our lives, and one of the most difficult!In every walk of life, every level of occupation, and everysocial situation, there are literally millions of people who saythey 'just can't remember' the people they meet.In business and the professions this can be most embarrass-ing. Ifyou are at a conference, attending a course, or involvedin any situation in which you are meeting new people, it is notonly embarrassing to be unable to remember the names andfaces ofthose who are with you, it can also be a serious handi-cap when you meet them again. Even should you not haveoccasion to meet them again, the ability to remember namesand faces without seeing them may be useful when you are'mentally thumbing through' people who might be of assist-ance to you.In a social setting, the inability to remember the names andfaces of people you meet is a discomforting and unpleasantexperience. Many people devise little tricks and methods forevading the issue!One of the favourites is to ask for the person's name, andwhen he replies with his Christian name to say 'Oh, I knewthat! it was your surname I had difficulty remembering', andofcourse ifhe replies with his surname 'Oh I knew that! it wasyour Christian name I had difficulty remembering'! Thedisadvantages of this little technique are two-fold: Even if itworks you have had to admit that at least in part you hadforgotten his name; and secondly, many people reply immed-iately with both their Christian and surnames!Another device commonly used by people who have forgot-ten a name is to say something like 'Oh, I am sorry, but howwas it that you spelled your name?' This ofcourse can work insituations where a person has a name like Pattlesserie Zhytni-ewski! But when theretort is a sarcastic 'J-O-H-N S-M-I-T-H'you can be made to look a little silly!These tricks are nothing more than tricks, and apart fromthe obvious pitfalls I have mentioned they inevitably leave theperson who is using them in an insecure and uncomfortableposition. Aware of his inadequacy, he tends to be afraid thathis tricks won't work or that he will be placed in a situationwhere they will be inappropriate and his poor memory will beon full view! Tricks, then, are not enough.At the other end ofthe scale from the person who 'just can'tremember' names and faces, is that well-known person whoalways does remember. At school it might have been a particu-lar teacher (or the headmaster!); at university a well-knownprofessor, and in business a successful manager. Whatever thesituation I am sure you will confirm the fact that the personwas socially confident, generally successful, and almostcertainly well-known.I remember well the first class I ever attended at university.It was an eight-in-the-morning English lecture, and theexcitement of the first day and the first class had not quitemanaged to shake off the sleepiness from most of the students.Our professor had! He strode into the room with no brief-case and no books, stood in front of the class, announced hisname, and then said he would call the attendance. He startedalphabetically, listing off names such as Abrahamson, Adams,Ardlett, and Bush, in response to which he got the usualmumbled 'Yes, sir' and 'Here, sir'. When he came to Cartland,however, there was no reply. He paused for a moment andthen said 'Mr. John Cartland'. To which there was still noreply. Without change of expression he then said 'Mr. JohnW. P. Cartland?' and proceeded to list the boy's birthday,address, and telephone number! There was still no reply soour professor (who by this time had thoroughly awakened theclass!) carried on with the remaining names. Each time hearrived at the name of a person who was absent he called outthat persons initials, birthday, address and telephone number!When he had completed the roster and everyone sat withjaws hanging open, he repeated very rapidly the names of allthe students who were absent and said, with a wry smile on hisface, 'I'll make a note of them some time!'He never forgot one of us, either!From that day on he became a legend, for none ofus couldimagine or hope to compete with the brilliance of a mind thatcould so completely and perfectly remember names and dates.We were, of course, mistaken. Using the proper memorysystem, the kind of performance that our professor gave is byno means an impossibility, and is in fact quite simple.In this chapter I shall introduce you to the systems andtechniques that make remembering of names, faces andrelated facts a relatively simple and certainly a rewarding task.Before getting down to the specific methodology, there area few rules that should be observed, even when one is notusing special memory systems. These rules or pointers applymostly to situations in which you are meeting new people. Thepointers rely on one ofthe most important factors in memory:Repetition.When you are introduced to somebody first make sure youlisten. Many people actually 'turn off' when they are intro-duced to people and haven't the faintest idea what the name ofthe person is to whom they have just been introduced!Second, request that the name be repeated even if you haveheard it. Most people tend to mumble introductions and evenif an introduction is clear no one will be disturbed if you askfor a repetition.Third, repeat the name when you have been given it thesecond time. Rather than saying simply 'how do you do?' addthe name to the end of your greeting: 'how do you do, Mr.Rosenthal'.Fourth, if the name is at all difficult, politely ask for thespelling.Fifth, if the situation seems to warrant it ask the personsomething about the background and history of his name.Contrary to what you might expect most people will beflattered by your interest, and pleased that you have taken thetrouble to enquire about their name and remember it.Carrying the principles of repetition and involvementfurther, make sure that during conversations with people younewly meet you repeat the name wherever possible. Thisrepetition helps to implant the name more firmly in yourmemory, and is also socially more rewarding, for it involves theother person more intimately in the conversation. It is farmore satisfying to hear you say 'yes, as Mr. Jones has just said...' than to hear you say 'yes, as this chap over here as justsaid...'!And finally ofcourse when you are taking leave ofthose youhave met make sure you say, rather than just an impersonalfarewell, 'good evening, Mr. Jones'.These aids to memory are, as I mentioned, useful to theperson who is not using memory systems as well as one who is,although they are naturally far more beneficial to the latter,because he has additional 'artillery' which he can use to backhimself up. Without further ado, let us learn the system forremembering faces and names.To begin with, we must become far more observant of thefaces we wish to remember! Many people, especially those whohave a poor memory for names and faces, have great difficultyin remembering how one face differs from another, and find italmost impossible to describe the individual characteristics offaces. Our first task then is to become more observant.To aid you in this the next few pages will give you a 'guidedtour' from the top of the head to the tip of the chin, enumer-ating the various characteristics and the ways in which theycan be classified and typified. You may well be surprised atjust how varied faces can be!HEAD AND FACIAL CHARACTERISTICS1. The HeadUsually you willfirst-meet a person face-on, so before deal-ing with the run-down of separate characteristics we willconsider the head as a whole. Look for the general shape oftheentire bone structure. You will find that this can be:a. Largeb. Mediumc. SmallAnd that within these three categories the following shapescan be found:a. squareb. rectangularc. roundd. ovale. triangular, with the base at the chin andthe point at the scalpf. triangular with the base and the scalp andthe point at the ching. broadh. narrowi. big-bonedj.fine-bonedYou may, fairly early in your meeting, see the head from theside and will be surprised at how many different shapes headsseen from this view can take:a. squareb. rectangularc. ovald. broade. narrowf. roundg. flat at the fronth. flat on topi. flat at the backj. domed at the backk. face angled with jutting chin and slantedforehead1. face angled with receding chin and prominentforehead2. The HairIn earlier days, when hairstyles used to be more consistentand lasting, hair served as a better memory hook than it doesnow. The advent of dyes, sprays, wigs, and almost infinitelyvaried styles makes identification by this feature a somewhattricky business! Some of the more basic characteristics,however, can be listed as follows:Mena. thickb. finec. wavyd. straighte. partedf. recedingg. baldh. croppedi. mediumj. longk. frizzy1. colour (only in notable cases)Womena. thickb. thinc. fineBecause of the variability in women's hairstyles it is notadvisable to try to remember them from this characteristic!3. ForeheadForeheads can be generally divided into the followingcategories:a. highb. widec. narrow between hairline and eyebrowsd. narrow between temple and templee. smoothf. lined horizontallyg. lined vertically4.Eyebrowsa. thickb. thinc. longd. shorte. meeting at the middlef. spaced apartg. flath. archedi. wingedj. tapered5. Eyelashesa. thickb. thinc. longd. shorte. curledf. straight6. Eyesa. largeb. smallc. protrudingd. deep-seatede. close togetherf. spaced apartg. slanted outwardsh. slanted inwardsi. colouredj. iris—entire circle seenk. iris—circle covered partly by upper and/orlower lidAttention may also be paid in some cases to the lid aboveand the bag below the eye, both ofwhich can be large or small,smooth or wrinkled, and puffy or firm.7. The NoseWhen seen from the front:a. largeb. smallc. narrowd. mediume. wideWhen seen from the side:a. straightb. flatc. pointedd. blunte. snub or upturnedf. Roman or aquilineg. Greek, forming straight line with foreheadh. concave (caved in)The base of the nose can also vary considerably in relationto the nostrils:a. lowerb. levelc. a little higherThe nostrils themselves can also vary:a. straightb. curved downc. flaringd. widee. narrowf. hairy8. CheekbonesCheekbones are often linked very closely with the character-istics of the face when seen front-on, but the following threecharacteristics may often be worth noting:a. highb. prominentc. obscured9. EarsEars are a part of the face that few people pay attention to,and yet their individuality can be greater than any otherfeature. They may be:a. largeb. smallc. gnarledd. smoothe. roundf. oblongg. triangularh. flat against the headi. protrudingj. hairyk. large lobed1. no lobeThis feature is of course more appropriate as a memoryhook with men than with women, because the latter usuallycover their ears with hair.10. Lipsa. Long upper lipb. short upper lipc. smalld. thick (bee-stung)e. widef. thing. upturnedh. downturnedi. Cupid's bow (U Thant)j. well-shapedk. ill-defined11.ChinWhen seen straight on the chin may be:a. longb. shortc. pointedd. squaree. roundf. double (or multiple)g. cleft,h. dimpledWhen seen from the side it will be either:a. juttingb. straightc. receding12. SkinFinally the skin should be observed. It may be:a. smoothb. roughc. darkd. faire. blemished or marked in some wayf. oilyg. dryh. blotchyi. doughyj. wrinkledk. furrowedOther characteristics of faces, specially men's, include thevarious and varied growth of facial hair ranging from shortsideburns to the full-blooded and face-concealing beard withmoustache. There is no point in listing all the variations. Itshould suffice to note that these hirsute phenomena do exist,but that they, like hairstyles and colours, can change dramatic-ally overnight!Having acquired all this information about the face, how dowe make use of it? You may be surprised to learn that theanswer is contained in the earlier chapters ofthe book! To putit briefly all that we have to do is the following:1. Make a definite note of the name of the person.2. Examine his face very carefully noting the characteristicsthat have been enumerated in the preceding pages.3. Look for characteristics which are unusual, extra-ordinary, or unique.4. Mentally reconstruct the person's face, exaggerating inthe way that a caricaturist does these noteworthy features.5. Link, using exaggeration and movement etc, where possi-ble, these outstanding features to the name of the person.The best way for you to learn the application of thesemethods is to practise them, so following I have doubled thenumber of faces and names you were asked to remember inyour original test, have given suggestions for linking them,and then have rearranged the faces without names for you totest your new skills.'An impossible task!' you might say. But before you actuallytest yourself on these names let's look at each person separ-ately to see what kind ofassociations we can make between theface and the name.Mrs. Ruff. Mrs. Ruffhas a fairly distinct hairstyle which it isunlikely that a woman such as she would change. It doesn'ttake much imagination to change her hair into an Elizabethanruff—the frilled neck collar common to that age.Mr. Hind has enormous jowls! As a matter offact they looka little bit like a person's posterior! BeHind!Mr. Pickett. The outstanding feature of Mr. Pickett's faceis it's overall rectangular quality and its straight neck. Animage can conveniently be made using the type of placardthat people on strike who are picketing their employers carry.To make the image more complete, you might even imaginethe word 'picket' being written on the placard.Mr. Rolls is perhaps one of the easiest. His triple chinbulging in rolls beneath his face makes no other image neces-sary.Miss Shute. Attractive though she may be, Miss Shute hasone of those characteristically in-curved noses, a little similarMrs. Ruff Mr. HindMr. Pickett Mr. Rolls Miss Shute Mr SawyerMrs. Knapp Mr. CallisMr. Marshall Miss HammantMr. Dockerill Mrs. NashMr. Swallow Mrs. CirkellMr. Lynch Mrs. PaukowskiMr. Fieldwick Mr. RayMiss Sherriton Mr. NewellMrs. Carstair Mr. DombrowerMrs. Heyburn Miss Jazcoltto a certain famous comedian. We can exaggerate this variouslyimagining a giant coal-chute, or a fairground shoot-the-chute.Mr. Sawyer. The outstanding characteristic on this man'sface is his large, straight and shaggy eyebrow. With a quickmental twist we convert this into a large saw, the shaggysections of the eyebrow representing the teeth of the saw.Mrs. Knapp. Mrs. Knapp is noticeable for the fairly largebags beneath her eyes. Concentrate on this aspect and imaginethat these were caused by a lack of sleep. In other words theymight go away if she were more often able to take a nap.Mr. Marshall. Fairly obviously Mr. Marshall would benoticed for his large protruding ears. To link them with hisname is not as difficult as it might appear: Imagine that eachear is a gun holster!Mr. Callis. A number of features might be picked for Mr.Callis, but probably the best is his rough pock-marked skin.Our link here is the word 'callous', which refers to a hardenedor rough area on the body's surface.Miss Hammant. Two features should immediately strike youabout Miss Hammant. First her beefy, strong face, and secondher rather small nose. The caricature is easy: make the beefinto a large ham; make the small nose into an ant crawling overthe ham.Mr. Dockerill. Mr Dockerill is slightly more difficult thanMiss Hammant, but he is not impossible! To begin with he isa large man, which fits in with the general impression of adocker. Add to this his large eyes (like harbours !) and the firstpart of his name—Docker—is easily remembered. Furthermore he does look a little run down, many of his featurestending to either droop or sag. We thus arrive at 'ill' and thecomplete Dockerill.Mrs. Nash. One ofthe most noticeable characteristics ofMrs.Nash is her upper lip which is drawn back, leaving her upperfront teeth slightly uncovered. To remember her name weconcentrate on the teeth rather than on the lip, thinking ofthegnashing ofteeth.Mr. Swallow. Mr. Swallow is an ideal subject! For thosepeople to whom the word swallow immediately brings to mindimages ofeating or drinking he has a prominent adam's applewhich can be exaggerated with ease. For those who are moreinclined to ornithology his fine arched eyebrows look verymuch like a swallow in flight!Mrs. Cirkell. Again an easy one! With this face we need notbe concerned with particular characteristics—simply theoverall shape which is circular circle—Cirkell.Mr. Lynch. In remembering Mr. Lynch let us try a differentapproach. We will think first of a lynching, realising that itconcentrates on the neck! Next we will link this image with ourman. Mr. Lynch has a particularly thick neck so we imagine anespecially strong rope being needed to complete the job!Mrs. Paukowski. Of Mrs. Paukowski's major features, oneof the most outstanding is her large, sloping forehead. Toremember her name we convert this into an enormous ski-slope, and imagine (here we have to get really ridiculous, whichis good!) a poverty striken cow skiing or attempting to skidown the slope: poor-cow-ski!Mr. Fieldwick. Another person whose memory-feature isto be the forehead. Mr. Fieldwick's forehead is noticeable notfor its size or shape, but for the wrinkles and creases uponit. Imagine it therefore as a ploughed field. His tufty haircan be likened to a candle-wick. Afieldabove which there is awick.Mr. Ray. This young man is noticeable not so much for anyparticular feature, but for the general quality that emanatesfrom his face. It seems almost to glow. A quick mental triptakes us from 'glow' to 'gleam' to 'ray'.Miss Sheriton. Miss Sheriton is made even more attractivethan she would otherwise be by the large dimple in her chin.Think ofthe dimple as a large cherry, so large that it weighs aton. A slight slurring of the 'ch' gives us 'sh' Sheriton.Mr. Newell. As with Mrs. Paukowski Mr. Newell's memory-feature is his nose, although in his case we are interested in thefact that it is slightly shiny and flared at the nostril. The shinyquality can easily be interpreted as newness, and the flarednostril can be likened to a well.Mrs. Carstairs. Rather than attempting to combine twoimages here we will concentrate on Mrs. Carstairs eyes whichare noticeably round. The image is of a car's headlights. Weneed not imagine stairs, as the round eyes themselves stare. Inother words we imagine: car stares!Mr. Dombrower. This intelligent looking gentleman ischaracteristic ofthe 'intellectual' or 'highbrow' look because ofhis large, domed forehead or brow. The link is easy: dome-brow.Mrs. Heyburn. Mrs. Heyburn has lank, straight hair.Imagine it as cut hay, and then set the lot on fire!MissJazcolt. Miss Jazcolt has pouting lips which can quiteeasily be imagined playing an instrument such as the trumpet—jazz! She is also 'frisky' in appearance. just like a colt. MissJazzcolt.That completes our list of 24 names. Before proceeding tothe following pages in which you will be testing your memoryof these names, quickly run back over the list and the associa-tions, fixing them firmly in your mind.You should by now be quite an expert at rememberingnames and faces! Before this chapter comes to an end, how-ever, we shall quickly cover the memorisation of facts relatedto the names and faces we wish to remember.Now that you have basically grasped the link system andthe remembering of names and faces, this next step will bequite simple. All you have to do is to add another link to theface-name picture you already have.For example, if Mrs. Ruff were a typist, you would imagineeither: a typewriter within the Elizabethan ruff; typing on anElizabethan ruff; or a typewriter sitting on Mrs. Ruff's head!If Mr. Sawyer were a college professor you could imaginehim standing in front of his class sawing his desk or lecturn intwo!If Mr. Swallow were an apprentice plumber you couldimagine him swallowing his employer's tools, and so on!One other point about remembering people is the following:ifyou are certain that you will be meeting this person only onceand that you are not concerned with long-term memory, it isoften useful to use an outstanding item of clothing that theperson might be wearing. This method of course is no goodfor long-term memory, as the person may not be wearing thesame clothes next time.Another general pointer concerns names that are common,such as Smith and Jones. To remember people with nameslike these, establish a 'Smith-chain' and a 'Jones-chain' etc. Todo this pick a 'basic Smith' or Jones and use that person'sface as a link with any other person having the same name. Youwill find that the more people you have on the chain, theeasier remembering becomes.And finally, how did my professor perform his amazing feat?By now the answer should be fairly apparent: firstly he usedone of the basic list systems to remember the names in theproper order, obviously making extravagant associations withthe memory word and the name to be remembered. Thenumbers and addresses he remembered by a system withwhich I will be dealing in a later chapter. Once he had calledour names and we had identified ourselves, the rest was easy.He linked the names with the very motley collection offaces inthe class!

MEMORY SYSTEM 6

SKIPNUMSkipnum (Self-Coding Instant Phonetic Number Memorygrid!) is an entirely new memory system. It was developed bymy close friend and associate Heinz Norden, the well-knownwriter, translator and polymath.Skipnum differs from other major memory systems in thatit is based almost entirely on phonetics. The system is basedon two elements everyone knows:1, The initial letter of the memory word is the same as theinitial letter ofthe number which is attached to that word. Forexample the numbers from 60 to 69 all begin with an 's', andtherefore so do the memory words for the numbers from 60 to69.2. The vowel sound ofthe memory word is the same as thevowel sound of the unit digit in the number for which we aremaking the word. For example let us take the number 42. Thefirst letter in our memory word must be an 'f because 42begins with an 'f'. The next sound in our memory word mustbe '00' because the digit number in 42 is two, and its vowelsound is '00'. That means we have 'foo' which we can easilymake into a word by adding either T or 'd' giving us 'fool' or'food'.Let us try another example. The number we wish to create amemory word for is 91. The first letter is 'n'. The digitnumber in 91 is 1, and its vowel sound is 'uh'. To complete ourmemory word for 91 we simply have to complete 'nuh'. A 't'or an 'n' completes this most satisfactorily giving us 'nut' or'nun'.There are a few exceptions to these two basic rules, but theyare logical and easily remembered.1. Ten to nineteen. These numbers do not ofcourse have thesame initial consonant. They are however collectively the 'tens'or 'teens' and therefore we use the letter 't' for these numbers.2. Twenty to twenty-nine. A full set of memory wordsbeginning with 'tw' is not available so 'tr' is used instead. Wecan remember this fairly easily by recalling that children oftenconfuse 'tr' and 'tw'.3. Fifty to fifty-nine. We cannot use 'f' as the initial letterbecause we have already used it for forty. Instead we use 'h'because it stands for 'half', and fifty is halfway between 0 and100.4. Seventy to seventy-nine. In the same way that we couldnot use 'f' for fifty because we had already used it for forty, wecannot use V for seventy because we have already used it forsixty. This is overcome easily by using the second consonantof seventy, i.e. 'v'.5. Eighty to eighty-nine. There is no initial consonant hereso instead we use the first consonant in the word eighty, whichis 'g'.6. Vowel sound for nine. We cannot use the 'i' sound for ninebecause we have already used it for five. Instead we use one ofthe most common remaining vowel sounds (which is containedin the word vowel!) 'ow'.7. 00-09. These are included in the Skipnum grid forconvenience, because these two-digit units occur frequently intelephone numbers and elsewhere. We use the initial conso-nant 'b' because it is easy to remember when we think of007,James Bond!Before reading on, have a quick look at the memory grid inthis Chapter, trying to familiarise yourself with the ideas thathave so far been explained. The grid is laid out simply anddearly, and should not be hard to follow.You have noticed from looking at the grid that a preferredmemory word is given in bold It is usually the simplestpossible word formed by the above two rules, and is preferablyone that can be used both as a verb and a noun. If possible itshould have more than one meaning, and should be able toserveas a connectorinmakingphrases from the memory words.Vulgar, action and emotionally charged words are also prefer-able because they are easier to remember.Where they arise, silent initial letters such as 'g' 'k' 'w' and'y' are ignored in the memory words.Since more than one word can often be formed within theboundaries ofthe rule, alternate words may be used. Some ofthese are given in the Skipnum grid for you to choose from.This possibility of alternate words is particularly useful insituations where you might be trying to remember a longnumber which contains the same two-digit sequence morethan once. You don't have to repeat the same word, but canuse another word representing the same number!Another advantage of this memory system is that you don'thave to learn the memory words by heart since they are 'selfcoding'. They will pop into your mind instantly as long as youknow the rules!Up to this point in the Chapter you have been given a lot ofdetailed information which at the moment you may have founda little bit difficult to absorb completely. It is advisable now toreview quickly the entire Chapter, consolidating those areaswhich have given you some trouble. To assist you in furtherconsolidation, I have randomly listed the numbers from 1-100on the next two pages so that you can readily test yourself ineither remembering the words on the grid or 'selfcoding' yourown.When you have completed the Skipnum grid to your satis-faction take the plunge and try to remember 100 items. Youwill find to your surprise that it is not really much moredifficult than remembering twenty! When you are confidenttest yourself with your friends.